TR Dizin İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / TR Dizin Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14365/4
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Article Citation - Scopus: 3Clinical Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Genomic Variations(Ankara Microbiology Society, 2015-10-08) Ergünay K.; Abacioglu H.; Ergünay, Koray; Abacioglu, HakanHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a globally-dispersed agent of chronic hepatitis with a significant public health threat, affecting over 110 million individuals throughout the world. The increased risk for chronicity after exposure and the lack of a protective vaccine make HCV is a leading infectious cause of cirrhosis, liver failure requiring transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma. The replicative process and infection dynamics in the host enable HCV to generate an array of closely-related but non-identical genetic variants known as quasispecies in the infected individuals. Pathogenesis and outcome in HCV infections are directly affected by the virus genetic heterogeneity, reflected as the emergence of quasispecies in infected individuals. The evolution of these highly-diverse viral populations in the host directly influences the disease course, via providing a pool of variants capable of resuming viral replication under extrinsic and/or intrinsic selective pressures. Viral quasispecies go through several alterations during the course of the infection, and provide a background for the selection of escape mutants from the host humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and antiviral treatment. Supported by the robust next generation sequencing techniques, recent studies have provided significant insights on the genomic diversity and progression as well as on the origin and the epidemiology of HCV. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of HCV genetic variability, and the interactions with the host, that affects clinical disease, covering viral and host determinants of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, alterations during the early and late stages of the infection and disease progression leading to chronicity. In addition, current findings in virus evolution and epidemiology were briefly interpreted from the inter-species and population perspectives. The impact of viral genomic heterogeneity on antiviral treatment in the era of direct-acting agents is also discussed, along with an overview of current methods employed for the characterization of viral diversity.Article Citation - WoS: 5Developing Aids Knowledge and Aids Attitude Scales and Assessing Their Reliability and Validity(Istanbul Univ, Fac Letters, Dept Psychology, 2018-06-01) Aydemir, Nuran; Yakin, Ibrahim; Arslan, Hatice Sevgi; Çaylı, Nuran AydemırThe present study aims to develop de novo scales to assess the level of knowledge of and attitude toward acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) among the Turkish population. For this purpose, a 37-item knowledge scale and a 23-item attitude scale were developed and tested by using convenience sampling of undergraduate students (N = 1025) aged >= 17 years from five universities in Izmir. After evaluating item difficulty and item discrimination, 12 items were excluded, and during factor analyses, four additional items were omitted from the knowledge scale. Oblique rotation resulted in three underlying factors that explain 34% of the variance. As a reliability assessment, the Kuder-Richardson-20 coefficient was found to be .76. For the attitude scale, six items were omitted after factor analyses. Oblique rotation showed two underlying components that explained 42.43% of the variance. For internal reliability, Cronbach's alpha was found as. 90. Additionally, to test the relation between the scales, correlation analyses were performed, and it was found that the more knowledge of AIDS people have, the more positive their attitudes are toward it. As a conclusion, both a 21-item AIDS Knowledge scale and a 17-item AIDS Attitude scale have acceptable psychometric values and both can be used in future research.