Sönmez, Egemen
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Sonmez, Egemen
Sönmez, E.
Sönmez, E.
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egemen.sonmez@ieu.edu.tr
Main Affiliation
05.03. Civil Engineering
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Current Staff
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Documents
8
Citations
68
h-index
4
Documents
7
Citations
61
Scholarly Output
9
Articles
3
Views / Downloads
6/609
Supervised MSc Theses
0
Supervised PhD Theses
0
WoS Citation Count
54
Scopus Citation Count
63
WoS h-index
3
Scopus h-index
3
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0
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0
WoS Citations per Publication
6.00
Scopus Citations per Publication
7.00
Open Access Source
2
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0
| Journal | Count |
|---|---|
| Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering | 4 |
| Earthquake Spectra | 3 |
| World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Proceedings | 2 |
Current Page: 1 / 1
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9 results
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 7Seismic Performance Assessment of Structural Systems in the Aftermath of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: Observations and Fragility Analyses(Sage Publications inc, 2025) Sonmez, Egemen; Yildirim, Meltem Eryilmaz; Aydin, Mehmet Firat; Koroglu, Fahri BaranThis article evaluates how different reinforced concrete (RC) building systems in T & uuml;rkiye behaved during the extreme 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquakes. The analysis relies on a comprehensive field survey covering 242 RC buildings across various heavily affected locations. Most surveyed buildings were low- and mid-rise RC moment frames and frame-wall (hybrid) systems, with RC wall construction being less commonly observed. Both RC frame and hybrid buildings exhibited several common deficiencies, resulting in significant structural and non-structural damage due to high drift demands. The performance of RC wall construction varied, with some buildings sustaining severe damage while others remained largely unaffected. An analysis of structural plans revealed that RC wall buildings with adequate wall amounts demonstrated exceptional performance, while those with inadequate amounts of walls experienced severe damage. In addition, fragility analyses using simplified models based on surveyed buildings reinforced these findings. The analyses suggested that RC frame and hybrid systems were insufficient in ensuring life safety during the earthquakes. Conversely, properly designed RC wall buildings are expected to perform well. This alignment between field observations and fragility analyses underscores the reliability of the study's findings and emphasizes the effectiveness of RC wall construction in mitigating seismic risks and protecting life and property.Conference Object Effect of Column-to Strength Ratio on the Performance of Code-Conforming Frame Buildings for 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Sondilek, Firat; Sonmez, Egemen; Tasligedik, Ali Sahin; Yagar, Ali CemSeismic design regulations stipulate the strong-column-weak-beam approach to preclude column yielding during earthquakes. These codes also prescribe the minimums required to withstand seismic demands. However, it is possible to design structures beyond the minimum requirements. This study investigates how longitudinal reinforcement ratio limits influence column-to-beam flexural strength ratios (CBSR), examining the performance of frames with different CBSRs using ground motion records from the 2023 Turkiye earthquakes. Four frames were designed: two with the minimum and maximum possible reinforcement ratios at beams and columns, two with the minimum beam and maximum column reinforcement, and vice versa. The study reveals that the relative strength between the beams and columns significantly affects the extent and distribution of damage. When the beams are too weak compared to the columns, the damage intensifies. On the other hand, having a low overall strength also increases the damage potential. A crucial finding is that moment-frame systems, due to their relatively lower stiffness, faced high drift demands during the 2023 Turkiye earthquakes, leading to severe damage or collapse.Book Part Correlation Between Intensity Measures and Damage Caused by the 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes(International Association for Earthquake Engineering, 2024) Abdo, B.; Eryilmaz Yildirim, M.; Koroglu, F.B.; Ozturk, B.; Sönmez, E.; Speicher, M.S.; Pujol, S.This article presents comparisons between different ground-motion intensity measures and damage frequencies observed following the Pazarcık (Mw7.8) and Elbistan (Mw7.5) earthquakes that struck Türkiye in February 2023. Various intensity measures were examined including peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and spectral ordinates (e.g., Sa0.3, Sa1, Sd1). Two data sources were used to quantify damage frequency: a survey conducted by the team deployed by ACI 133 Reconnaissance Committee involving more than 200 reinforced concrete buildings, and surveys published by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change of Türkiye. The differences and commonalities between the two surveys are discussed, and plausible correlations between damage and intensity measures are examined. It is concluded that, relative to other intensity measures, peak ground velocity (PGV) and spectral displacement at a fundamental period of 1.0 second (Sd1) had better correlations with the damage observed from Antakya to Malatya. This observation is consistent with two previously published ideas: a) in the absence of structural damage, drift demand can be expressed as a linear function of PGV, and b) seismic design ought to be focused on drift (and PGV) instead of force (and PGA). © 2024, International Association for Earthquake Engineering. All rights reserved.Conference Object Analyzing Structural Performance of Buildings in the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: the Role of Structural Systems(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Aydin, Mehmet Firat; Yildirim, Meltem Eryilmaz; Koroglu, Fahri Baran; Sonmez, EgemenThe devastating earthquakes that struck Kahramanmaras on February 6, 2023 impacted 11 cities and millions of people in Turkiye, leading to immediate demolition of over 270,000 buildings due to extensive damage or collapse. The aftermath left more than 2 million people facing accommodation issues, underscoring the urgent need to enhance residential building structural performance beyond the standard "life safety performance level". This study, focusing on reinforced concrete structures, explores the correlation between structural performance and the structural systems of buildings. In the earthquake-affected region, around 90% of buildings utilize reinforced concrete (RC) structural systems. RC moment frames with or without shear walls dominate building construction in Turkey. Besides regular moment frames, wide-beam RC frames with thin slabs and one-way joists are also common. The current seismic design code allows these systems if adequate shear walls are provided, but it is observed that some recently constructed buildings violate this requirement. Both types of structural systems experienced damage during the earthquakes. A less frequent building type was shear-wall buildings, which rely solely on shear walls for lateral-load resistance. It was observed that the buildings with evenly distributed shear walls in both plan directions exhibited robust seismic performance if these wall amounts were sufficient compared to their height. Otherwise, these buildings suffered heavy structural damage. The findings of this study stress the need for a comprehensive assessment of structural systems to enhance earthquake performance and ensure the safety of lives and property in seismic regions.Conference Object Effect of Column-To Strength Ratio Distribution on the Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures(Yumurtacı Hüseyinoğlu I.Ö., 2024) Sondilek, F.; Sönmez, E.; Taşlıgedik, A.Ş.Seismic design codes are the standards that provide resistance for the structures against the potential seismic forces that the structure may face. One of the provisions in the seismic design codes is the strong column-weak beam (SCWB) requirement. It suggests that at that the sum of the flexural strength of the columns at a joint should be greater than those of the beams at the same joint. This requirement aims to prevent column yielding during an earthquake and avoid story mechanisms in moment frames. Although the seismic design codes suggest a minimum column-to-beam strength ratio, previous research has shown that this ratio may not be sufficient to provide desired collapse mechanisms for all conditions. Also, it has been observed that the column-to-beam strength ratio distribution along the height of the frame structures affects the understory and damage distribution. This study investigated the effect of different column-to-beam strength ratio distributions on the drift distribution of the reinforced concrete moment frames. For this purpose, different frames were considered with different numbers of stories and bays. OpenSeesPy framework was used for numerical modeling. To evaluate the seismic response of the model frames, nonlinear time history, and nonlinear static analyses were used. The results showed that the column-to-beam strength ratio distribution significantly affects the distribution of inter-story drift ratios. An effective column-to-beam strength ratio distribution was proposed at the end of the study. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Evaluation of the Structural Damage Caused by the 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes in Light of the Design-Basis and Measured Ground Motion Intensities(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Koroglu, F. B.; Sonmez, E.; Yildirim, M. EryilmazThe 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes (Mw 7.7 Pazarcik and Mw 7.6 Elbistan) struck eleven cities in Turkiye within nine hours. Over 200,000 buildings collapsed or suffered severe damage, while an additional 500,000 had moderate or light damage. Following the earthquakes, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change of Turkiye conducted a rapid damage assessment survey over a broad region. The earthquakes were also recorded by a dense network of seismic stations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the ground motion intensity measures and observed structural damage, utilizing the extensive damage assessment and ground motion data available for various locations in the affected region. Several intensity measures were employed, including effective peak ground acceleration (EPGA) and velocity (PGV), spectral accelerations and displacements for various periods (e.g. S-a0.3, S-a1, S-d0.3, S-d1). These measures were also compared with the design-basis ground motion values provided by the seismic design codes of Turkiye. Notably, the design-basis acceleration and displacement spectra, and codepredicted PGV values were mostly exceeded during the earthquakes, indicating their significance in assessing the damage. These two intensity measures also demonstrated stronger correlations with the observed structural damage compared to other measures. The comparisons with the design-basis values showed that the design spectra should be carefully scrutinized. The findings highlight the importance of a drift-based design approach, which can be based on the expected PGV, instead of a force-based design approach relying on the expected EPGA. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of updating the predictions for PGV considering the consequences of the recent earthquakes.Article Citation - WoS: 38Citation - Scopus: 44Quantitative Evaluation of the Damage To Rc Buildings Caused by the 2023 Southeast Turkey Earthquake Sequence(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024) Pujol, S.; Bedirhanoglu, I.; Donmez, C.; Dowgala, J.D.; Eryilmaz-Yildirim, M.; Klaboe, K.; Koroglu, F.B.; Sönmez, EgemenData from 15 earthquakes that occurred in 12 different countries are presented showing that, without better drift control, structures built with building codes allowing large seismic drifts are likely to keep leaving a wide wake of damage ranging from cracked partitions to building overturning. Following the earthquake sequence affecting southeast Turkey in 2023, a team led by Committee 133 of the American Concrete Institute surveyed nearly 250 reinforced concrete buildings in the area extending from Antakya to Malatya. Buildings ranging from 2 to 16 stories were surveyed to assess their damage and evaluate the robustness of their structures in relation to overall stiffness, as measured by the relative cross-sectional areas of structural walls and columns. The majority of the buildings were estimated to have been built in the past 10 years. Yet, the structures surveyed were observed to have amounts of structural walls and columns comparable with amounts reported after the Erzincan (1992), Duzce (1999), and Bingol (2003) Earthquakes in Turkey. These amounts are, on average, much smaller than the wall and column amounts used in Chile and Japan. Because of that lack of robustness and given the intensities of the motions reported from Antakya to Malatya (with 10 stations with peak ground velocity (PGV) of 100 cm/s or more), it is concluded that structures in this region experienced large drifts. Excessive drift (1) exposed a myriad of construction and detailing problems leading to severe structural damage and collapse, (2) induced overturning caused by p-delta for some buildings, and (3) caused widespread damage to brittle masonry partitions. The main lesson is simple: ductility is necessary but not sufficient. It is urgent that seismic drift limits are tightened in high-seismicity regions worldwide. © The Author(s) 2024.Book Part An Evaluation of Potential Damage or Collapse of RC Frames and RC Wall Buildings in Strong Earthquakes(International Association for Earthquake Engineering, 2024) Rodriguez, M.E.; Sönmez, E.Many past earthquakes have led to collapses or severe damage to RC building frames, causing fatalities or significant economic losses, highlighting the vulnerability of this earthquake-resisting system. These earthquakes have also demonstrated that wall buildings with a good density of walls would survive strong earthquakes with no damage or acceptable damage levels. This study performs simple nonlinear dynamic analyses of RC buildings using SDOF models to compute a seismic damage index and obtain approximate roof drift ratio values in RC frame and RC wall buildings. Ground motion records from the 1985 Mexico, 2010 Chile, and 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes are employed. The computed damage index and roof drift ratio demands in wall buildings for these earthquakes were significantly smaller than those for frame buildings, indicating acceptable levels of building response for wall buildings. These computed findings are consistent with the observed building behavior in the earthquakes selected for this study. These findings suggest that frame buildings should not be constructed in high seismic-risk regions. Instead, emphasizing wall buildings with a robust density of walls could enable a shift from life safety/collapse prevention considerations to functional recovery design. © 2024, International Association for Earthquake Engineering. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 11Frame Buildings Are Not an Answer for Earthquakes: the Case of the February 2023 Earthquakes in Türkiye(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024) Sönmez, E.; Rodriguez, M.E.The February 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye caused widespread devastation and fatalities, highlighting the critical contrast in the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with moment-resistant frames and those with structural walls. This study employs analyses of nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems using selected accelerograms from the earthquakes to evaluate the behavior of these structural systems. Three SDOF systems representing flexible and stiffer frame buildings, alongside RC wall buildings, were examined. The results highlighted the susceptibility of frame buildings to severe damage and collapse compared with the excellent performance of RC wall buildings. Moreover, the study emphasizes a shift of design focus from life safety to functional recovery. It also identifies potential scenarios regarding consecutive earthquake effects. Overall, the findings advocate adequately designed RC wall buildings for enhanced seismic performance and immediate occupation following major earthquakes. © The Author(s) 2024.
