Üçtuğ, Fehmi Görkem
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Uçtuğ, Fehmi Gorkem
Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem
Üçtuğ, Fehmi̇ Görkem
Uctug, F. G.
Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem
Üçtuğ, Fehmi̇ Görkem
Uctug, F. G.
Job Title
Email Address
gorkem.uctug@ieu.edu.tr
Main Affiliation
05.10. Mechanical Engineering
Status
Current Staff
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ORCID ID
Scopus Author ID
Turkish CoHE Profile ID
Google Scholar ID
WoS Researcher ID
Sustainable Development Goals
Documents
33
Citations
490
h-index
11
Documents
31
Citations
448
Scholarly Output
33
Articles
28
Views / Downloads
15/824
Supervised MSc Theses
3
Supervised PhD Theses
0
WoS Citation Count
376
Scopus Citation Count
426
WoS h-index
8
Scopus h-index
10
Patents
0
Projects
12
WoS Citations per Publication
11.39
Scopus Citations per Publication
12.91
Open Access Source
8
Supervised Theses
3
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32 results
Scholarly Output Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 32
Article Citation - Scopus: 1Life Cycle Assessment of Black Tea Production and Consumption in Turkiye: Insights From Waste Management Scenarios(Elsevier, 2025) Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem; Ediger, Volkan S.; Kucuker, Mehmet Ali; Berk, Istemi; Inan, Ali; Tugcu, MelisaThis study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of tea production and consumption in T & uuml;rkiye, the world leader in per capita tea consumption. Aiming to identify environmental hotspots and propose sustainable solutions, a cradle-to-grave LCA was performed using CCaLC2 software, CML methodology, and the Ecoinvent 3.0 database. It covers cultivation, processing, transportation, and consumption stages, focusing on key environmental indicators like carbon footprint and acidification potential. The results reveal that consumption dominates the environmental footprint (91%) due to energy-intensive brewing methods. Cultivation and transportation contribute minimally (4% each). This highlights the need for promoting energy-efficient brewing practices and consumer adoption of renewable energy sources. The study also explores the environmental implications of different waste management strategies. Composting emerged as the most beneficial approach for reducing the carbon footprint and photochemical oxidants creation, while incineration might be preferable for other impact categories. This study underscores the importance of addressing energy consumption during tea brewing and encouraging renewable energy use among consumers. Additionally, it promotes composting as a crucial waste management strategy for a more sustainable tea value chain in T & uuml;rkiye. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry players, and tea drinkers to make informed decisions that minimize environmental impact.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 26Carbon Footprints of Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets Based on Traditional Turkish Cuisine(Elsevier, 2021) Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem; Gunaydin, Dorukhan; Hunkar, Beliz; Ongelen, CansuTurkish cuisine is one of the most globally wide-spread and also nutritionally diverse diets in the world. Yet, to this day the environmental footprint of Turkish cuisine has not been studied. In this work, the carbon footprints of weekly omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan diets based on traditional Turkish cuisine were calculated. The functional unit was selected as 20 00 kcal of daily intake per person, CCaLC (TM) was used as software alongside CML2001 methodology, and c cradle-to-grave approach was employed. The following stages were included in the life cycle inventory: raw material supply including packaging, meal preparation (energy required for cooking or baking), and end-of-life treatment. On average, the omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan diets were found to have carbon footprints of 35.22, 27.8 and 18.5 kg CO(2)eq. per functional unit, respectively. The reduced carbon footprint of the vegetarian and vegan diets was mainly attributed to the absence of meat and dairy products. Raw material supply emerged as the main hotspot with an average share of 77.2% in the overall carbon footprint, followed by meal preparation with a share of 21.5%. End-of-life treatment options did not have a significant effect on the carbon footprint. The results were found to be highly consistent with those reported earlier in the literature. Extrapolating the results showed that nutrition is roughly responsible for one third of the total carbon footprint of Turkey. The main conclusion was that Turkish cuisine is comparable with other major cuisines in terms of its environmental impacts, while offering a very diverse and healthy diet. (c) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 23Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Yoghurt Supply To Consumer in Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem; Atlugkoyun, Ayse Idil; Inaltekin, MelodiThe life cycle environmental impacts of yoghurt supply to the end user in Turkey were investigated. Turkey is the second biggest yoghurt producer in the world; therefore reducing the environmental footprint of yoghurt production is of utmost importance from cleaner production and sustainability points of view. The functional unit was chosen as 1 ton of yoghurt, CCaLC2 (TM) was used as software, and CML2001 methodology was used. A cradle-to-grave approach was employed. The production processes were modelled based on real life data acquired from a major yoghurt production company in Turkey. Six impacts (global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, photochemical oxidant creation potential, ozone layer depletion potential, and human toxicity potential) were calculated. All of the impacts turned out to be higher than the values reported in the literature (differences ranging from 18% to 76%), which was attributed to the high amounts of milk loss and the high energy intensity of yoghurt production processes combined with the fact that the energy resources used for thermal energy and electricity supply in Turkey have high environmental footprints. Except for ozone layer depletion, all impacts were found to be mainly caused by raw material supply and production processes, with these two stages having a combined average contribution of 80%. Choosing different end of-life treatment methods (landfilling versus incineration) affected the results by no more than 4%. None of the impacts except for ozone layer depletion potential were found to be sensitive to transportation distances,. It was concluded that, in order to reduce the environmental footprint of yoghurt production, the electrical energy input to the production process should be obtained from more environmentally friendly resources such as solar photovoltaics whereas heat energy should be supplied from cleaner resources such as natural gas instead of coal. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Feasibility Analysis of a Photovoltaic/Battery Energy Storage Hybrid System: an Hourly Estimation Based Approach and a Real Life Case Study(College Publishing, 2017) Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem; Baltali, Vedat CanThis study has been undertaken to develop a consumer-oriented feasibility method for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage (BES) system by analyzing a real life house in Istanbul, Turkey, as a case study. The hourly electricity demand of the house was estimated by carrying out a detailed survey of the life style and daily habits of the household. No algorithm of any kind was used for the estimation of the energy demand with the exception of relating the lighting requirement to the daylight hours and the heating and cooling requirements to the seasonal weather changes. The developed method estimates the annual demand with an overall error of 8.68%. The net grid dependency and the feasibility of the PV-BES system was calculated for different combinations of PV and BES system sizes. It was found that when the maximum available roof area is used for PV installation and when the BES system size is increased, it is possible to achieve almost zero net grid dependency, and it is estimated that houses that are in regions with more abundant solar radiation and/ or with lower annual electricity consumption, can reach zero net grid dependency. However, the feasibility indicator, which is the payback period, turned out to be no less than 25 years in any of the scenarios. The reasons for the infeasibility are the high prices of PV and BES systems as well as the current restriction in the regulations in Turkey, which prevents BES system owners from participating in unlicensed energy generation schemes and selling excess electricity back to the grid. In order to overcome this situation, regulations should be updated to allow BES system owners to benefit from feed-in-tariff schemes, thereby increasing the popularity of both PV and BES usage in Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 8Effect of Polymer Sulfonation on the Proton Conductivity and Fuel Cell Performance of Polyvinylalcohol-Mordenite Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Membranes(Wiley, 2017) Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem; Nijem, JinanSulfonated polyvinylalcohol-mordenite (SPVA-MOR) membranes for direct methanol fuel cell use were synthesized and characterized. It had earlier been found out that polyvinylalcohol-mordenite (PVA-MOR) membranes, while having excellent methanol permeability and modest proton conductivity values, had inferior direct methanol fuel cell performances than Nafion(TM). Sulfonating the polyvinylalcohol matrix had been suggested to improve the proton conductivity. In this work, polyvinylalcohol powder was sulfonated by using propane sultone as the sulfonating agent prior to the membrane synthesis. Morphological analyses revealed that the zeolite particles mixed homogeneously within the polymer matrix. Sulfonating the polymer slightly decreased both water and methanol uptakes. Both in PVA-MOR and SPVA-MOR membranes, water uptake turned out to be higher than the methanol uptake. SPVA-MOR membranes were found to have an average proton conductivity of 0.052 S center dot cm(-1) when compared with the 0.036 S center dot cm(-1) of PVA-MOR membranes, while Nafion has a proton conductivity of approximately 0.1 S center dot cm(-1). The increase in the proton conductivity upon sulfonation despite the decrease in water uptake was explained by the dominance of the Grotthuss mechanism over the vehicular mechanism for proton conductivity. Fuel cell test results showed that while SPVA-MOR membranes cannot outperform Nafion(TM), they give higher power output than PVA-MOR membranes, especially at low temperatures and high methanol concentrations. (c) 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Article Citation - WoS: 36Citation - Scopus: 43Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Olive Pomace Utilization in Turkey(Elsevier, 2020) Duman, Aylin Kaynak; Ozgen, Gaye Ongen; Uctug, Fehmi GorkemTurkey is one of the top five producers of olive oil in the globe. Olive pomace, a by-product of olive oil production, has several environmental impacts on the ecosystem when untreated. In this study we compared five different scenarios for the treatment and utilization olive pomace in terms of their life cycle environmental impacts. These scenarios include i) traditional, ii) two-phase, and iii) three-phase production of olive oil followed by producing biofuel pellets from the olive pomace, iv) producing fodder additives from olive pomace, and v) composting the olive pomace. The functional unit was chosen as olive pomace produced as a result of the production of 1 kg of olive oil. The following impacts were calculated by using CCaLC software and CML2001 method, with a gate-to-grave approach: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog formation potential, and human toxicity potential. An overall impact calculation was also performed by normalizing the individual impacts and assigning equal weights to them. The first three scenarios were observed to have significantly lower impacts, and in many cases even impact credits for the system, mainly due to the fact that utilizing the biofuel pellet eliminates the consumption, thus the production of natural gas, which has especially high environmental impacts in case of Turkey. Traditional olive oil production was found to have a lower overall impact compared to two-phase and three-phase production. For most of the impacts, operational processes and utilization emerged as the hotspots. This study is considered to be a valuable guide for the olive oil sector in Turkey in terms of reducing its environmental footprint while getting economic gain. This particular study is novel in the sense that to the best of our knowledge, it is the first study conducted in Turkey in which a comprehensive life cycle assessment of utilizing olive pomace has been conducted. Future studies on this topic should focus on the consequential life cycle assessment of the nation-wide implementation of the scenarios analyzed in this work. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Ranking Circularity Levels in Industrial Parks: A Holistic Approach Incorporating Environmental, Economic and Social Indicators(Springer, 2025) Berk, I.; Ediger, V.Ş.; Öztürk, E.B.; Uctug, F.G.; Kucuker, M.A.; Inan, A.; Aktuna, G.B.This study introduces a circularity ranking system at the meso-level, specifically targeting industrial parks, through the development of the Circular Economy Sustainability Index (CESI). The index comprises five economic-environmental indicators: energy intensity, emission intensity, water intensity, waste intensity, and recycling ratio, as well as a social indicator as a sixth dimension. We utilize CESI to evaluate the circular economy performance of 22 manufacturing firms in the Adana Hacı Sabancı Organized Industrial Zone (AOSB). AOSB, one of the most prominent industrial parks in Türkiye, serves as an excellent case study to assess companies’ circularity performance and identify areas for improvement in the country’s green industrial transformation endeavor. Our findings reveal that waste and recycling indicators are pivotal in determining circularity, contributing 34.6% to the overall score, while the social indicator adds another 16.3%. These results underscore the significance of effective waste management and social responsibility in enhancing circularity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 1Life Cycle Assessment of Tomato Paste Production: a Case Study(Pamukkale Unıv, 2024) Üçtuğ, Fehmi Görkem; Tekin, Zehranur; Dayıoglugil, Zeynep; Ulusoy, Ercan; Oktaylar Keyik, ŞuleThis study involves the cradle -to -gate life cycle assessment of tomato paste production in Turkey. All the data was obtained from a large-scale production company located in north-west Turkey in 2020. CCaLC software with Ecoinvent2 database alongside CML2001 method was used for the analysis and the following impacts were taken into account: acidification potential, carbon footprint, eutrophication potential, human toxicity potential, ozone layer depletion potential, and photochemical smog potential. Functional unit was chosen as 1 kg of tomato paste sold in glass jars. The results show that the biggest contributor to environmental impacts was the raw material supply stage, mainly due to fungicide (for agriculture) and metal (for packaging) use. Energy required for agricultural and production processes were also found to have significant effects of the impacts. The results were found to be in very good consistency with earlier literature. Using photovoltaic panels for meeting 10% of the electricity demand of agricultural and production processes or utilizing tomato harvesting waste to produce biomethane were found to have almost no positive effects as far as impact reduction is concerned. These results show that switching to organic farming seems to be essential if environmental impacts of processed food products such as tomato paste are to be reduced.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 6Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Industrially Produced Pickled and Roasted Vegetables(Springer, 2022) Gul, H.; Uctug, F. G.; Gungormusler, M.Assessment of the environmental impacts of food products that are produced and consumed in large amounts globally is crucial to promote sustainability. The main objective of this study was to assess the environmental impact of two brined vegetables through life cycle assessment. Six different impacts were calculated. The analysis of both products, pickled cucumbers and roasted capia peppers, was performed under a cradle-to-grave approach, and five stages of their life cycle were considered: raw material supply, production of both products, transportation, use and end-of-life treatment. On average, roasted capia peppers were found to have approximately twice the environmental impact that pickled cucumbers has, mostly due to the additional roasting step that consumes significant amount of natural gas. As far as the contributions of different stages are concerned, cultivation of the vegetables and the production of the packaging materials (glass jars and steel lids) were found to be the main contributors to the environmental impacts. A sensitivity analysis showed that only acidification potential was sensitive to the changes in the source of electricity required for the processes or the source of glass used for jar production. Transportation distance was found to significantly affect eutrophication and ozone layer depletion potentials in the case of pickled cucumbers, and the latter increased by more than 100% when the transportation distance increased from 50 to 1100 km. This paper tries to highlight the potential benefits of the use of life cycle assessment to provide a starting point for both pickled vegetable manufacturers and their suppliers.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Gate-To Life Cycle Assessment of Petrochemicals Production in Türkiye: a Case Study of Acrylonitrile and C4(Springernature, 2024) Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem; Vali, Vasif; Tok, Neslihan; Fereidani, Bahar M.The widespread use of acrylonitrile (Acyrlonitrile) and crude C4 across industries has significantly boosted global manufacturing of these energy-intensive petrochemicals. A life cycle assessment was employed to evaluate the environmental impact of Acyrlonitrile and C4 production, aiming to promote sustainability in the petrochemical supply chain. Modeling integrated refinery-petrochemical plant operations in T & uuml;rkiye revealed that Acyrlonitrile production emitted 7.46 kg CO2eq./kg, while C4 production emitted 1.62 kg CO2eq./kg. The Acyrlonitrile production was found to be more environmentally polluting, especially in terms of acidification potential, photochemical smog potential and eutrophication potential with 4.5 kg SO2eq., 3.88 kg C2H4eq. and 2.39 kg PO4eq. per kg Acyrlonitrile respectively. Waste disposal, natural gas use, propane and nitrogen emission have been the major hotspots of Acyrlonitrile production, while natural gas use and lubricant oil for C4. On average, the production stage emerged as the primary hotspot, for Acyrlonitrile production contributing 58% to overall impacts. The results of water footprint identified 3.13 L per kg Acyrlonitrile and 0.99 L per kg C4 production, with aromatics and ethylene plants being the key contributors. Adoption of energy efficiency measures and circular economy principles is recommended to mitigate environmental impacts. This study sheds light on the resource-intensive petrochemical supply chain, offering valuable insights into environmental impact assessment in this sector. ACN production emits 7.46 kg CO2eq/kg, C4 emits 1.62 kg CO2eq/kg.Production stage is hotspot: ACN - 58%, aromatics plant - 40% of impacts.Carbon footprint and acidification categories are influenced by the high energy intensity of the Acrylonitrile and C4 production phases.Waste disposal, natural gas use major contributors; energy efficiency crucial.
