Use of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam Lamot-E Rigine and Valproate in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Risk of Major Malformations, Dose-Dependency, Monotherapy Vs Polytherapy, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications
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Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers
Open Access Color
Green Open Access
Yes
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OpenAIRE Views
Publicly Funded
No
BIP! Indicators
Impulse
Top 10%
Influence
Average
Popularity
Top 10%
Abstract
It is challenging to balance the fetal risks associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) against maternal and fetal risks of seizure worsening, and therefore it is very important to define and distinguish the possible risks entailed by different AEDs. This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive review regarding the possible risks of four classical (phenytoin’ carbamazepine’ phenobarbital’ and valproate) and two newer (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) AEDs during pregnancy. The review focuses on major and organ-specific malformations’ dose-dependent risks’ mono vs polytherapy’ and clinical pharmacokinetics. A discussion regarding the safety of AED use during breastfeeding is also provided. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers
Description
Keywords
Antiepileptics, Breastfeeding, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Major malformations, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Pregnancy, Valproate, carbamazepine, cytochrome P450 2B6, cytochrome P450 2C9, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid, anticonvulsive agent, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid, body weight loss, breast feeding, cardiovascular malformation, cholestatic hepatitis, cleft lip, congenital malformation, drug safety, female, gestational age, human, hypospadias, leg inequality, liver injury, monotherapy, muscle hypotonia, neural tube, pregnancy, prevalence, Review, seizure, spinal dysraphism, breast feeding, epilepsy, pregnancy, pregnancy complication, Anticonvulsants, Breast Feeding, Carbamazepine, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Valproic Acid, Epilepsy, Levetiracetam, Valproic Acid, Lamotrigine, Article, Pregnancy Complications, Breast Feeding, Carbamazepine, Pregnancy, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Female
Fields of Science
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine
Citation
WoS Q
Q1
Scopus Q
Q1
OpenCitations Citation Count
24
Source
Current Neuropharmacology
Volume
19
Issue
11
Start Page
1805
End Page
1824
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Citations
CrossRef : 2
Scopus : 33
PubMed : 12
Captures
Mendeley Readers : 87
SCOPUS™ Citations
33
checked on Mar 15, 2026
Page Views
2
checked on Mar 15, 2026
Downloads
14
checked on Mar 15, 2026
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