Roma hukukunda evlilik ve evliliğin sona ermesi
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2026
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Roma Hukuk'unda evlilik ilahi ve beşeri hukukta kadın ve erkeğin birleşmesini ifade eden bir kurumdur. Evlilik Roma toplumunda o kadar değerlidir ki taraf iradelerinin, consensus'larının uyuşması ile evliliğin kurulduğu ,yine consensun'un sona erdiği anda evliliğin sona erdiği kabul edilmekteydi. Roma Hukuku'nun bazı dönemlerinde kadın üzerinde hakimiyeti ifade eden manusla evlilikler yapılmış olsa da, manussuz evlilikler daima daha sıklıkla yapılmıştır. Roma hukukunda evlilik, monagami esasına tabidir.Zira Ius Civile'nin tanıdığı evlilik tek eşli evliliktir. Evliliğin kurucu unsurlarında biri de , tarafların patria potestas'a tabii olmaları durumunda, aile babasının evliliğe rıza göstermesidir. Patria potestas, yai baba hakimiyeti öyle bir kavramdır ki Roma ailesinine hastır ve Roma ailesenin yapı taşıdır. Zira Roma hukukunun ilk dönemlerinde patria potestası elinde tutan pater familias, ev halkının yaşamları ve ölümleri hakkında dahi tasarruf sahibidir. Roma hukukunda evlilik, ölüm, boşanma ve taraflardan birinin capitis dimimutio'ya uğraması ile son bulurdu ve bunlara ilişkin olarak dos adı verilen, kadının evlenmeden önce getirdiği malvarlığına ilişkin hukuk kuralları, bugün modern aile hukukçularını ve hukuku etkileşmiştir. Bu çalışmada Roma ailesinin yapı taşı olan ve tarafların alieni iuris olması durumunda geçerli bir evliliğin yapılabilmesi için rızasına ihtiyaç duyulan patria potestas kurumundan, Roma evliliğinden, bu evliliğin sona erme biçimleri ile dos konusu ele alınacaktır.
In Roman Law, marriage is an institution that signifies the union of a woman and a man in both divine and human law. Marriage was so highly valued in Roman society that it was established by the mutual consent of the parties, and it was accepted that the marriage ended when that consent ceased. Although marriages involving manus, which signified control over the woman, were performed during certain periods of Roman law, marriages without manus were always more common. Marriage in Roman law was based on the principle of monogamy. This is because the Ius Civile recognised only monogamous marriage. One of the constitutive elements of marriage is the consent of the head of the family, provided that the parties are subject to patria potestas. Patria potestas, or paternal authority, is a concept unique to the Roman family and is the cornerstone of the Roman family. In the early period of Roman law, the pater familias, who held patria potestas, had complete control over the lives and deaths of his household. In Roman law, marriage, death, divorce, and capitis dimitutio of one of the parties are considered. The legal rules relating to the dowry, known as dos, which the woman brought before marriage, have influenced modern family lawyers and law. This study examines the institution of patria potestas, which is the cornerstone of the Roman family, Roman Marriage, the consequences of the dissolution of this marriage and the issue of dos.
In Roman Law, marriage is an institution that signifies the union of a woman and a man in both divine and human law. Marriage was so highly valued in Roman society that it was established by the mutual consent of the parties, and it was accepted that the marriage ended when that consent ceased. Although marriages involving manus, which signified control over the woman, were performed during certain periods of Roman law, marriages without manus were always more common. Marriage in Roman law was based on the principle of monogamy. This is because the Ius Civile recognised only monogamous marriage. One of the constitutive elements of marriage is the consent of the head of the family, provided that the parties are subject to patria potestas. Patria potestas, or paternal authority, is a concept unique to the Roman family and is the cornerstone of the Roman family. In the early period of Roman law, the pater familias, who held patria potestas, had complete control over the lives and deaths of his household. In Roman law, marriage, death, divorce, and capitis dimitutio of one of the parties are considered. The legal rules relating to the dowry, known as dos, which the woman brought before marriage, have influenced modern family lawyers and law. This study examines the institution of patria potestas, which is the cornerstone of the Roman family, Roman Marriage, the consequences of the dissolution of this marriage and the issue of dos.
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Hukuk, LAW
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126
