Comparison of Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depression Levels in Celiac Patients With Children Without Chronic Illnesses

Abstract

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, immune-mediated condition requiring lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. In children, CD can negatively impact not only physical health but also psychological well-being and quality of life. The burden of dietary restrictions, social limitations, and emotional stress may lead to increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. This study aims to compare the quality of life, anxiety, and depression levels in children with celiac disease to those of healthy peers without chronic illness. Methods: The research involved a total of 129 individuals aged 8-18 years (64 with celiac disease and 65 healthy volunteers) and their parents. To assess children with celiac disease and healthy children, we used a sociodemographic form that we created, along with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and Parent Quality of Life Inventory tests. Results: Celiac patients' diet adherence, parental education level, and family income were found to be significantly associated with quality of life, as well as levels of depression and anxiety. (p < 0.037, p < 0.04, p < 0.004, respectively). Celiac patients had significantly lower BMI SDS (mean -0.55 +/- 1.13, p < 0.001) and height SDS scores (mean -0.49 +/- 1.28, p < 0.017). Key factors negatively affecting the quality of life in individuals with celiac disease were difficulty adhering to the diet and low family income levels. Conclusions: Elevated anxiety with reduced quality of life highlights the importance of integrating psychosocial support into the routine care of children with celiac disease. A holistic treatment approach that considers the psychosocial well-being of children can significantly improve their quality of life.