The Effect of an Education and Counseling Program on Maternal/Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women at Risk of Preeclampsia

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate, in pregnant women at risk for preeclampsia, the effect of an education and counseling program on healthy lifestyle behaviors, self-efficacy, and maternal/neonatal outcomes. Methods: This study had a randomized controlled trial design and was conducted with 132 pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia and attending an antenatal clinic for routine care. The intervention group received education and counseling focused on preventing preeclampsia and were given a preeclampsia booklet; the control group received standard prenatal care. The members of the 2 groups were seen 4 times during their pregnancies, and once after giving birth. Data were gathered with the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), pregnant woman and fetal follow-up forms, and a postpartum data-collection form. Permission from the ethics committee was obtained for the study. Results: Education and counseling about preeclampsia had a statistically significant effect on healthy lifestyle behaviors (P < .008). However, we found no statistically significant differences in the total SES scores (P > .0125), systolic and diastolic blood pressure averages, edema status, or feeling the baby move (P > .05). We found differences in terms of physical activity in the first and third follow-ups, and in terms of breathing exercises in the first, second, and third follow-ups (P < .05). Preeclampsia developed in 4 of the pregnant women (7.6%) in the control group but not at all in the intervention group. Conclusion: A preeclampsia education and counseling program could help to develop healthy lifestyle behaviors in pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia.