Elveren, Adem Yavuz2025-08-252025-08-2520251024-26941476-8267https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2025.2542832https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14365/6354This study examines how climate change influences military spending, using temperature variation and the frequency of adverse climatic events as proxies for climate stress. Employing a panel dataset of 143 countries from 1980 to 2018, the analysis explores the long-term relationship. The results indicate significant long-run negative associations between adverse climatic events, temperature changes, and military spending, along with a positive relationship with health spending. These patterns may suggest that, in response to climate-induced fiscal pressures, countries tend to shift resources - at least partially - away from defense and toward disaster response and health-related needs. The findings contribute to the emerging literature on the fiscal impacts of climate change, demonstrating how climate-induced pressures on public budgets may reshape national security priorities. Overall, this research provides empirical insights into the interplay between climate change and military spending, addressing a critical gap in both climate-security and defense economics literature.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessClimate ChangeConflictMilitary ExpenditureAdverse Climatic EventsPanel DataC33H56Q54Article10.1080/10242694.2025.25428322-s2.0-105012524959