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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14365/2554
Title: | Predictors of Anxiety in the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Global Perspective: Data from 23 Countries | Authors: | Burkova, Valentina N. Butovskaya, Marina L. Randall, Ashley K. Fedenok, Julija N. Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh Alghraibeh, Ahmad M. Allami, Fathil Bakir Mutsher Dural, Seda |
Keywords: | COVID-19 pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection anxiety stress cross-cultural individualism collectivism power distance looseness tightness Psychological Symptoms Cultural Tightness Chronic Stress Health Translation Disease Collectivism Adaptation Validation Epidemic |
Publisher: | Mdpi | Abstract: | Prior and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have resulted in substantial changes to everyday life. The pandemic and measures of its control affect mental health negatively. Self-reported data from 15,375 participants from 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaires measuring anxiety level were used in this study-the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The associations between a set of social indicators on anxiety during COVID-19 (e.g., sex, age, country, live alone) were tested as well. Self-reported anxiety during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic varied across countries, with the maximum levels reported for Brazil, Canada, Italy, Iraq and the USA. Sex differences of anxiety levels during COVID-19 were also examined, and results showed women reported higher levels of anxiety compared to men. Overall, our results demonstrated that the self-reported symptoms of anxiety were higher compared to those reported in general before pandemic. We conclude that such cultural dimensions as individualism/collectivism, power distance and looseness/tightness may function as protective adaptive mechanisms against the development of anxiety disorders in a pandemic situation. | URI: | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074017 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14365/2554 |
ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
Appears in Collections: | Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection |
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