Hysteretic Energy To Input Energy Ratio Spectra of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake

Abstract

Hysteretic energy, closely related to seismic hazard as it quantifies the energy a structure can dissipate through inelastic deformation under earthquake forces, has been chosen as a key parameter in energy-based design approaches due to its direct measurement of energy dissipation during cyclic loadings. A total of 56 distinct pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motion records from the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake are selected. Time history analyses are performed on the selected inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems, followed by the computation of hysteretic energy spectra for 5% damping. The bilinear hysteretic model is employed to represent the nonlinear cyclic behavior of the structural systems and different ductility ratios are considered. Simultaneously, inelastic input energy spectra are computed for all selected ground motion records. Then, the hysteretic energy to input energy ratio spectra are graphically computed for different ductility ratios, and the mean values are presented along with their standard deviations. It is observed that the hysteretic energy to input energy ratio spectra tend to remain nearly constant beyond a certain period value. In the study, the hysteretic energy to input energy ratio spectra are also generated separately for the selected pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions, allowing for the identification of the impact of pulse behavior. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.