Correlation Between the Plastic Energy Associated with the Equivalent Monotonic Response and the Maximum Hysteretic Energy Using the Gauss-Newton Algorithm

Abstract

This study aims to improve seismic energy dissipation assessment by estimating the energy factor $\beta $beta, defined as the ratio of plastic energy from an equivalent monotonic response to maximum hysteretic energy. The transformation to an equivalent monotonic form provides a simplified representation of complex cyclic behavior, enabling reliable comparison and practical application in seismic design. Nonlinear time history analyses are conducted on single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems using 56 pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions from the 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil;, Pazarc & imath;k earthquake. Results show strong agreement between $\beta $beta-spectra and regression models, validating the effectiveness of the Gauss-Newton algorithm across structural periods and inelastic behavior.