Browsing by Author "Al-Hammadi, M."

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Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
From Refuse To Resource: Exploring Technological and Economic Dimensions of Waste-To
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025) Al-Hammadi, M.; Güngörmüşler, M.
Waste valorization offers a sustainable approach to waste management and the generation of biofuels and bioenergy, mitigating the environmental impact of fossil fuel production and use. Carbon emissions and food-source competition associated with first-generation biofuels production can be mitigated. Reports on thermochemical and biochemical pathways for generating bio-oil and syngas provide extensive coverage of production processes but lack recent insights into technological advances for upgrading these outputs into biodiesel, biomethanol, bioethanol, biogas, and biomethane. They also often omit information on commercial status, leading and prospective companies, market size, future market predictions, and associated challenges. The drawbacks of waste valorization do not appear to have been discussed widely in the literature – they include deforestation, land-use changes, soil texture changes, and biodiversity and social impacts. To address these gaps in the literature, this review examines the factors mentioned above, focusing on the drawbacks of waste-to-energy conversion and proposing solutions targeted at governments, policymakers, investors, entrepreneurs, and researchers seeking to understand and mitigate the challenges in this sector. © 2025 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Citation - Scopus: 6
Scaling Bioethanol for the Future: the Commercialization Potential of Extremophiles and Non-Conventional Microorganisms
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Al-Hammadi, M.; Anadol, G.; Martín-García, F.J.; Moreno-García, J.; Keskin Gündoğdu, T.; Güngörmüşler, Mine
Unlike conventional bioethanol production, which raises environmental concerns such as a high carbon footprint from resource-intensive crops, deforestation, and food security issues, non-conventional bioethanol production offers a more sustainable alternative. However, non-traditional feedstock availability and its pretreatment are the main challenges, importantly feedstock availability is either underreported or poorly forecasted, while pretreatment is costly, reaching up to 40% of the overall process or it might generate inhibitors that hamper ethanol production in commercial scale, as well as environmental impact. The literature further lacks the recent update for conventional and non-conventional microbial ability to ferment these feedstocks or their tolerance for inhibitors compared with the conventional yeast. Therefore, this review discusses Europe’s non-conventional feedstock availability in national levels and pretreatment, highlighting pretreatment’s cost industrially, scalability, and its impact on microbial fermentation and the environment. Moreover, recent European policies that might impact the commercialization of non-conventional bioethanol are discussed, emphasizing the revised RED III policy, certification scheme, and how to eliminate fraudulent biofuel imports to boost advanced ethanol production. Finally, this review discusses the pilot-scale case studies that investigated the non-conventional methods besides the recent update on non-conventional microbes’ ability, inhibitors, and the techniques such as the immobilization to improve ethanol yield. Copyright © 2025 Al-Hammadi, Anadol, Martín-García, Moreno-García, Keskin Gündoğdu and Güngörmüşler.