Browsing by Author "Cetinkaya, Hakan"

Now showing 1 - 18 of 18

Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Compatibility Between Physical Stimulus Size - Spatial Position and False Recognitions
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2018) Dural, Seda; Burhanoglu, Birce B.; Ekinci, Nilsu; Gurbuz, Emre; Akin, Idil U.; Can, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan
Magnitude processing is of great interest to researchers because it requires integration of quantity related information in memory regardless of whether the focus is numerical or non-numerical magnitudes. The previous work has suggested an interplay between pre-existing semantic information about number-space relationship in processes of encoding and recall. Investigation of the compatibility between physical stimulus size-spatial position and false recognition may provide valuable information about the cognitive representation of non-numerical magnitudes. Therefore, we applied a false memory procedure to a series of non-numerical stimulus pairs. Three versions of the pairs were used: big-right (a big character on the right/a small character on the left), big- left (a big character on the left/a small character on the right), and equal-sized (an equal sized character on each side). In the first phase, participants (N = 100) received 27 pairs, with nine pairs from each experimental condition. In the second phase, nine pairs from each of three stimulus categories were presented: (1) original pairs that were presented in the first phase, (2) mirrored pairs that were horizontally flipped versions of the pairs presented in the first phase, and (3) novel pairs that had not been presented before. The participants were instructed to press YES for the pairs that they remembered seeing before and to press NO for the pairs that they did not remember from the first phase. The results indicated that the participants made more false-alarm responses by responding yes to the pairs with the bigger one on the right. Moreover, they responded to the previously seen figures with the big one on the right faster compared to their distracting counterparts. The study provided evidence for the relationship between stimulus physical size and how they processed spatially by employing a false memory procedure. We offered a size-space compatibility account based on the congruency between the short- and long-term associations which produce local compatibilities. Accordingly, the compatible stimuli in the learning phase might be responsible for the interference, reflecting a possible short-term interference effect on congruency between the short- and long-term associations. Clearly, future research is required to test this speculative position.
Citation - Scopus: 2
The Effect of Derogation Strategies Used by Females in Intrasexual Competition on Males' Mate Preferences
(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2010) Dural, Seda; Karasar, Asu; Cetinkaya, Hakan
This study investigated the effect of derogation strategies used by females in intrasexual competition on males' mate preferences. For this purpose, a total of four studies, one of them being a preliminary study, were conducted. In the preliminary study, a measurement tool including derogation strategies used by females in intrasexual competition was developed. The first study was conducted to examine which derogation strategies were used more frequently by females in intrasexual competition. Results showed that females used derogation strategies related to promiscuity and infidelity of their rivals more frequently than derogation strategies related to appearance of their rivals. The second study investigated the derogation strategies affecting males' decisions in mate preference. Findings showed that males were affected by derogation strategies including promiscuity and infidelity more than derogation strategies including appearance. The third study examined whether the results of the second study changed according to the relationship type (e.g., long term or short term) planned by males. The results of the multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis with mean structures indicated that there was no significant difference between long term and short term relationship groups for derogation strategies including promiscuity and infidelity. However, findings yielded a significant difference between the two groups in terms of derogation strategies including appearance; males in short term relationship group were affected by derogation strategies including appearance more than the males in long term relationship group.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Examination of Sex Differences in the Responses To Heterosexual and Homosexual Infidelity
(Cumhuriyet Univ Tıp Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, 2014) Dural, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Can, Seda; Kaya, Alp Giray; Hunler, Olga Selin
Objective: The goal of the study was to investigate the role of heterosexual and homosexual infidelity scenarios by two infidelity types (sexual versus emotional) on emotional responses (anger, disgust, surprise, sad, and jealousy) of male and female participants. Methods: A total of 881 participants (449 males and 432 females) were assigned to one of two infidelity conditions formed by two scenarios as heterosexual and homosexual infidelity, and they were asked to indicate which infidelity type would make them more distressed, sexual or emotional. Also the participants were required to choose their predominant emotion that they would have felt by the type of infidelity they found more distressing. The data were analyzed by exploratory multi-way frequency analysis that allows examining the multi-way interactions among categorical variables of interest. By employing the analysis, a hierarchical log-linear model of infidelity driven responses for four categorical variables was produced. Results: Although, the results generally were consistent with the infidelity literature, additionally the present data indicated a sex difference in the responses to the scenario types as a function of whether the act of infidelity results in a progeny. Discussion: The results were discussed in the framework of the emotional responses which were counted in the present study along with jealousy, in terms of their motivational effects on behavioral outputs of type of infidelity faced.
Exploring the Role of Embodied Cognition on SNARC: Impact of Hand Position on Foot Responses
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Tunc, Elvin N.; Macin, Muberra; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Dural, Seda
Citation - WoS: 2
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Expression and Perception of Happiness
(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2012) Gulbetekin, Evrim; Iyilikci, Osman; Amado, Sonia; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Dural, Seda
Hemispheric asymmetries in happiness expression -which has an important role in interpersonal communication and its perception- have been studied using different techniques. However, it is not clear whether the source of the asymmetry is the poser or the observer. In Experiment I, we investigated on which hemiface (right/left) the expression of happiness was better identified. Subjects evaluated right-sided happy chimeric faces as more expressive. In Experiment II, we examined whether the source of the bias was the observer's hemispheric asymmetry or the poser's facial asymmetry. Stimuli were briefly presented unilaterally, either in the left visual field(LVF)/right hemisphere(RL) or in the right visual field(RVF)/left hemisphere(LH). Faces were recognized faster in LVF condition, but they were evaluated as more expressive in RVF condition. Right-sided happy faces were found to be more expressive in RVF condition. Results indicated LH superiority in the recognition of happy expression and a RH superiority in the duration of facial processing. Additionally findings pointed out a sex difference in subjects' evaluation time and evaluation scores. Men evaluated the stimuli faster in the RH condition than they did in the LH condition; while women evaluated the faces with higher scores in LH than they did in RH condition.
How Does Practice Under Different Representational Contexts Change Snas Over Time
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Dural, Seda; Palaz, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
How does practice under different representational contexts change SNAs over time?
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Dural, Seda; Palaz, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
[No abstract available]
Investigating No sNARC: Do Reading Habits Provide Insight into the sNARC Patterns of Turkish Sample
(Brill, 2025) Kaya, Ceren; Candemir, Aysenur; Kaya, Duru; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Dural, Seda; Cettnkaya, Hakan
The mental number line (MNL) represents numbers spatially, with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right, as demonstrated by the sNARC effect. This effect is influenced by reading direction, with left-to-right languages (e.g., English) showing a stronger sNARC effect compared to right-to-left languages (e.g., Hebrew). However, previous research has shown the absence of SNARC in Turkish samples, despite a left-to-right reading orientation. This study explored the role of reading habits in the SNARC effect among Turkish participants (N = 50). Participants, categorized as light or heavy readers, completed a parity judgment task. Both one-sample t-tests and Bayesian analysis revealed no SNARC effect in either group. These findings suggest that reading habits alone may not explain the absence of SNARC in Turkish participants. The lack of the effect may be influenced by other factors, such as cultural differences or the specific characteristics of the Turkish language.
Magnitude-Space Representations in the N-Back Task: Long-Term Representations of Magnitudes Alter the Working Memory Performance
(Springer, 2024) Hepdarcan, Ilgim; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Dural, Seda
Prior research has predominantly examined the role of working memory (WM) in tasks involving numerical information and spatial properties, such as memorizing number sequences and performing parity judgment and magnitude comparison. In contrast to focusing solely on the effect of WM on number judgment tasks, our study investigates how magnitude-space associations affect WM task performance, emphasizing long-term representations, specifically the concept of mental number line (MNL) compatibility (small items on the left, large items on the right) in long-term memory (LTM). Moving from the idea of representations within LTM contribute to the functioning of WM during task execution, we explore the effects of congruent, incongruent, and negative congruent numerical and non-numerical magnitude-space associations on magnitude-based 1-back (low WM load) and 2-back (high WM load) tasks. MNL compatible n-back and test items are congruent, MNL compatible n-back and MNL incompatible (small on the right, large on the left) test items (or vice versa) are incongruent, and MNL incompatible n-back and test items are considered negative congruent. Because negative congruent and incongruent representations may not activate existing representations in LTM, as congruent representations, we expected worse WM performance in negative congruent and incongruent trials than in congruent trials. Results reveal that congruent and incongruent representations elicit more accurate and rapid responses than negative congruents, suggesting that congruent and incongruent representations contribute to task execution. Additionally, we observe a size effect for small numerical magnitudes and a reverse size effect for large physical magnitudes, pointing towards the coactivation of LTM and WM in magnitude-space relations.
Modulating Learning Performance Through the Pairing of Emotions With Different SNAs
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Kamar, Bengi; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Haugen, Beria; Dural, Seda
Practice-Induced SNARC: MNL Compatibility in a No-SNARC Sample
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Cetinkaya, Hakan; Palaz, Ezgi; Tuncali, Zeynep; Kamar, Bengi; Dural, Seda
Revisiting the SNARC Effect With Magnitude Comparison Task in a Null-SNARC Sample
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Korkut, Ilayda; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Hepdarcan, Ilgim; Gur, Ezgi; Dural, Seda
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Revisiting the Snarc Effect: Testing Magnitude Classification in a Turkish Sample Typically Lacking the Snarc Effect
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Dural, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Hepdarcan, Ilgim; Gur, Ezgi; Korkut, Ilayda
This study investigates the SNARC effect in Turkish participants using a magnitude classification task to examine the roles of semantic influences and cultural experiences. While prior research has shown the absence of the SNARC effect in a parity judgment among Turkish participants who read from left to right, our findings further confirm its absence in a magnitude classification task, even when semantic demands are minimised. Instead, a robust distance effect was observed, pointing out the involvement of spatial number processing in the task. These findings are discussed in the context of possible multiple spatial mappings, shaped by Turkey's unique cultural and historical background, which may hinder the development of a dominant spatial-numerical association. Future research incorporating explicit spatial primes linked to various cultural experiences could clarify the mechanisms underlying the variability of SNARC effects and offer valuable insights into the relationship between cultural history and cognitive processes.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 8
The Role of Waist-To Ratio in Evaluation of Female Physical Attractiveness
(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2008) Dural, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Guelbetekin, Evrim
This study attempted to investigate the relative role of body weight and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on judgements of female physical attractiveness. The sample has consisted of 50 male and 50 female participants who are reportedly heterosexual with an age range of 18-22 years. Using a self-report technique, the participants judged the 12 three-dimensional female figures with different body weight and waist-to-hip ratios for their attractiveness. The participants' visual responses to the figures were recorded to test their judgements of attractiveness empirically. Overally, the Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis indicated that the participants' judgements for attractiveness were mainly based on the WHR dimension. MDS data were reinforced by the data obtained from the eye-tracking system. The descriptive data suggested some sex differentiation in attractiveness ratings of the participants. The eye-tracking data provided clarifying information for these sex differences. The findings were discussed under the illumination of evolutionary hypotheses. Some methodological considerations were elaborated, and a set of resolutions were proposed.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Snarc Effect in a Transfer Paradigm: Long-Lasting Effects of Stimulus-Response Compatibility Practices
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Bulut, Merve; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Dural, Seda
The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect refers to the phenomenon of faster left-hand responses to smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses to larger ones. The current study examined the possible long-lasting effects of magnitude-relevant stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) practices on the SNARC effect in a transfer paradigm. Participants performed a magnitude classification task including either SNARC-compatible or SNARC-incompatible trials as practice. They performed a parity judgment task in the subsequent transfer session, administered five minutes, one day or a week after the practice session. Results revealed significant SNARC effects after compatible practices and significant reverse SNARC effects after incompatible practices in all time-interval conditions. However, a control group without practice showed no reliable SNARC effect. These findings suggest that the SNARC effect can be influenced by magnitude-relevant associations formed a week previously, highlighting the long-lasting effects of magnitude-relevant SRC practices on the SNARC effect.
SNARC in Emotional Context: Gender Assessment of Facial Expressions Modulates Parity Performance
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Tuncali, Zeynep; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Dural, Seda
Space-Magnitude Associations Modulate the Familiar-Size Stroop Effect in Visual Size Judgments
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Dural, Seda; Sefikoglu, Melike; Cetinkaya, Hakan
The familiar-size Stroop effect shows how prior knowledge of an object's real-world size influences visual size judgments, slowing reactions when familiar and visual sizes conflict. This study examined how space-magnitude associations, specifically mental number line (MNL) compatibility, interact with Stroop congruency. Participants compared the visual sizes of two objects, ignoring real-world sizes, and identified either the smaller or the larger object across four conditions: Stroop-congruent/MNL-compatible, Stroop-congruent/MNL-incompatible, Stroop-incongruent/MNL-compatible, and Stroop-incongruent/MNL-incompatible. Tasks followed small-then-large or large-then-small identification sequences. Results showed MNL compatibility modulates Stroop interference: MNL-compatible (small-left, large-right) presentations reduced interference, while MNL-incompatible (large-left, small-right) presentations increased it, depending on task type and order. RT distribution analyses revealed MNL effects emerged in slower bins for Stroop-congruent trials and faster bins for Stroop-incongruent trials within small-then-large sequences. These findings suggest that space-magnitude associations shape the familiar-size Stroop effect, revealing a complex relationship between spatial and conceptual representations in size judgment.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Testing the Memory Reconsolidation Hypothesis in a Fear Extinction Paradigm: the Effects of Ecological and Arbitrary Stimuli
(Springer, 2022) Dural, Seda; Gur, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
Various studies demonstrated that extinction training taking place shortly after the activation of the acquired fear could weaken the conditioned fear. The procedure is called post-retrieval extinction (PRE). However, from the time it emerged, it has suffered from inconsistencies in the ability of researchers to replicate the seemingly established effects. Extant literature implies that conditioned fear might be differentially sensitive to the nature of conditioned stimuli (CS) used. The aim of the present study, therefore, is threefold. First, we aimed to replicate Schiller et al. (Nature, 463, 49-53.2010) procedure in which the PRE had produced positive results with arbitrary CSs only. Also, we examined the PRE as a function of CS type (ecological-fear-relevant (images of spider and snake) vs. arbitrary (images of yellow and blue circles)). Finally, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of the PRE (i.e., 24 h, 15 d, and 3 mo). The study consisted of acquisition, re-activation and extinction, and re-extinction phases. Dependent measure was the recovery of fear responses as indexed by the skin conductance responses (SCRs) and arousal ratings of the participants at the last trial of the extinction and the first trial of the re-extinction. All groups showed significant acquisition and extinction patterns, compared to the other two groups (i.e., 6 h after the activating CS and without an activating stimulus) only the group that undertook extinction trials 10 min after the activating CS showed a sustained extinction. Thus, our findings provided further evidence for the robustness of the PRE paradigm in preventing the recovery of extinguished fears behaviorally, both with ecological and arbitrary stimuli.