Browsing by Author "Elgin, Ceyhun"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Citation - WoS: 1
The Effect of Informality on Profit Rates: the Role of Feminization of Labor
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024-09-25) Elveren, Adem Yavuz; Elgin, Ceyhun; Tongur, Ünal
This paper explores the intricate dynamics among the informal economy, profit rates, and the feminization of labor. While extensive literature has delved into the causes and consequences of the informal economy, a notable gap exists in understanding its impact on profit rates-an essential indicator of a capitalist economy's health. The preference of certain firms to operate informally enables them to reduce costs, enhance competitiveness, and diminish union influence, ultimately boosting profitability. The paper proposes and tests the hypothesis that the informal sector's presence is linked to higher profit rates. Methodologically, the study introduces a Post-Keynesian model that incorporates gender-specific marginal propensities to consume, followed by a simulation analysis. Subsequently, an econometric model is employed, utilizing data from 127 countries spanning 1991-2018. Results from both simulation and panel data analysis robustly indicate a significant association between the informal sector and increased profit rates. This phenomenon is attributed to the feminization of labor, suggesting a role in cost reduction.
Imf Standby Agreements and Inequality: the Role of Informality
(Wiley, 2025-02) Elgin, Ceyhun; Elveren, Adem Yavuz
We use a relatively large annual (unbalanced) cross-country panel data set that includes the Gini index and the estimated household income inequality as the two relevant inequality metrics and covers the period from 1950 to 2018 for 159 countries, and we investigate the response of two inequality metrics to International Monetary Fund (IMF) standby programs. Our empirical analysis indicates that in countries where the informal sector size (as % GDP) is relatively larger, the extent of income inequality increases after IMF standby agreements. We also show that the opposite is true when the informal sector size is small, that is, inequality declines after these IMF programs.
Informality and Female Labor Income Share
(2025-03-13) Töngür, Ünal; Elveren, Adem; Elgin, Ceyhun
Bu çalışma kayıt dışı istihdam ile kadınların refahı arasındaki ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacak özgün ampirik bulgular sunmaktadır. Kadınların formel sektördeki istihdam olanaklarına ulaşmalarını zorlaştıran bazı engeller olduğu için genellikle düşük verimlilik, kredi ve mesleki gelişim olanaklarına sınırlı erişim ve sosyal güvencesizlik ile özdeşleşen kayıt dışı sektörlere yönelme eğilimindedirler. 148 ülke ve 1991-2018 dönemini kapsayan kayıt dışı ekonomi ve kadınların emek geliri payı veri setlerini kullanarak, genel anlamda kayıtdışılık ile kadınların emek geliri payı arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğunu ve bu ilişkinin farklı gelir grubundaki ülkelere ve kalkınma düzeyine göre belirgin bir şekilde farklılaştığını gösterdik. Bu iki değişken arasında genel olarak yüksek geliri grubu ülkelerde anlamlı ve tutarlı bir ilişki bulunmazken, bu korelasyonun düşük gelirli ülkelerde negatif ve orta gelirli ülkelerde pozitif olduğu görülmektedir.
Military Spending and Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Post-Keynesian Model
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025-12-26) Elveren, Adem Yavuz; Tongur, Unal; Elgin, Ceyhun
This paper revisits the military spending - economic growth nexus by introducing a simple Post-Keynesian model that accounts for both the direct and indirect effects of military expenditure, specifically through the channel of income inequality. A simulation analysis distinguishes between different types of military expenditures, showing that military wages are less harmful - and can even be beneficial - compared to arms purchases, which exacerbate inequality and diminish growth. Decomposition analysis reveals that even when the direct effect of military spending is mildly positive, the inequality-induced indirect effect is strongly negative, resulting in an overall negative impact on growth. Furthermore, using panel data from 150 countries for 1960-2019 and applying Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) methods, we find that military spending negatively impacts economic growth both directly and indirectly by increasing income inequality. Our findings underline the importance of considering the composition of military expenditures and the mediating role of inequality in evaluating defense spending's macroeconomic consequences.
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 14
Military Spending and Sustainable Development
(Wiley, 2022-05-20) Elgin, Ceyhun; Elveren, Adem Y.; Ozgur, Gokcer; Dertli, Gul
Using a panel data set of 160 economies from 1950 to 2018, this paper examines the relationship between military expenditures and economic, health-related, education, environmental, and social indicators of sustainable development. The results generally suggest that the size of the military expenditures is negatively associated with educational attainment, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality rates, female labor force participation, gender equality, and access to safe drinking water, electricity, basic sanitation, and positively correlated with mortality and poverty rates and air pollution. The findings are generally robust to different specifications and interact with GDP per capita; that is, the association of military spending with the development indicators is stronger (weaker) in less (more) developed economies.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 4
Persistency of Military Spending and Fiscal Policy Responses to COVID-19
(Routledge, 2022-12-17) Cantekin, Kerem; Elgin, Ceyhun; Elveren, Adem Yavuz
Using a relatively large time-varying cross-country panel dataset of fiscal policy responses to the Covid-19 pandemic, this paper examines the relationship between military spending persistency and the size of the fiscal stimulus packages. The results suggest that countries with more persistent military spending have had smaller fiscal-stimulus packages during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 33
Unpacking the Economic Impact of Tourism: a Multidimensional Approach To Sustainable Development
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024-11) Elgin, Ceyhun; Elveren, Adem Yavuz
While the literature has extensively explored the advantages and drawbacks of tourism, as well as attempts to establish connections between growth/development and tourism, comprehensive studies addressing the sustainable development impact of tourism remain scarce. Addressing this gap, our investigation focuses on understanding the association between tourism and the achievement of sustainable development goals. Using a panel dataset encompassing 160 economies from 1995 to 2019, we explore the link between two distinct measures of tourism (tourist arrivals as a fraction of total population and tourism revenue as a percentage of total exports) and various indicators of sustainable development, encompassing health, economy, education, social progress, and the environment. Our findings reveal a significant interaction between tourism and sustainable development, with the relationship notably differing between developed and developing economies, particularly in light of GDP per capita. Our research addresses a critical gap in existing literature by focusing on the sustainable development implications of tourism, an area where comprehensive studies remain scarce. By analyzing the complex relationship between tourism and sustainable development across diverse economies, our study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to navigate the challenges of balancing economic growth with environmental and social sustainability.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Wage-Productivity Gap and Discrimination Against Syrian Refugees: Evidence From Turkey
(Cambridge univ press, 2024-05-15) Elgin, Ceyhun; Elveren, Adem Yavuz
In this paper, we introduce a unique dataset derived from a survey conducted among 450 Syrian refugee workers and the owners/managers of the firms in which they are employed in Istanbul, Turkey. We utilise this data to investigate the connection between the wage-productivity gap and perceived economic and social discrimination. The findings of the study indicate that individuals facing a wider wage-productivity gap tend to report higher levels of economic and social discrimination. These results remain consistent even after incorporating various variables at both the worker and firm levels into the analysis. These findings imply potential policy recommendations that policymakers should take into account.