Browsing by Author "Kazdagli, Hasan"

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Effect of Telerehabilitation-Based Music Therapy and Motor Imagery on Pain, Autonomic Function, and Psychosocial Outcomes in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
(Wiley, 2026-03-06) Yavas, Ipek; Kahraman, Turhan; Kazdagli, Hasan; Gozubatik-Celik, Rabia Gokcen; Karakas, Hilal; Seebacher, Barbara; Ertekin, Ozge
Background and Purpose Chronic pain affects approximately 63% of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), contributing to fatigue, depression, anxiety, poor sleep, reduced quality of life, and cognitive decline. Within the biopsychosocial model, music therapy has emerged as a promising intervention to address these complex symptoms. This study aims to examine the effects of heart rate-synchronized music therapy combined with motor imagery practice on pain, autonomic and cognitive functions, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with pwMS. We hypothesize that the combined intervention will lead to greater improvements than music therapy alone or routine care. Methods A double-blind, randomized, and three-arm parallel trial will be conducted with 45 patients with pwMS experiencing chronic pain. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) heart rate-synchronized music therapy combined with motor imagery, (2) heart rate-synchronized music therapy alone, or (3) a control group receiving routine care. Interventions will be delivered twice weekly for 8 weeks, with each session lasting 20-30 min. The experimental groups will receive music therapy via videoconferencing. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention (week 8), and follow-up (week 12). The primary outcome is pain intensity. Secondary outcomes include neuropathic pain, central sensitization, heart rate variability, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep quality, quality of life, and cognitive function. Sample size was calculated using G*Power; HRV data will be analyzed with Kubios software. Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS and GraphPad Prism 10. Results Following randomization, baseline data will be collected. Blinded assessors will evaluate all outcomes at follow-up points. An independent researcher will perform statistical analyses to assess changes across time and between groups. Discussion This study may provide evidence supporting a novel, non-pharmacological, and telehealth-compatible intervention for chronic pain in pwMS.
General Anesthesia and Depth of Anesthesia (DoA) Evaluation Methods in Laboratory Animals: A Comprehensive Review
(Springer, 2026-03-17) Kazdagli, Hasan; Altinoluk, Tulin
In preclinical research, general anesthesia is essential for humane and feasible procedures but profoundly modulates autonomic, cardiovascular, neurological, and biochemical systems, risking bias in experimental outcomes. In this review our aim was to synthesize current knowledge on commonly used general anesthetics in laboratory animals, their mechanisms and protocols across species (mice, rats, rabbits, pigs), and evidence-based methods to evaluate depth of anesthesia (DoA). Injectable agents (ketamine with alpha 2-agonists, barbiturates, propofol) and inhalational agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane) act primarily via NMDA antagonism or GABA-A/glycine modulation, with distinct profiles for analgesia, hemodynamics, respiration, and recovery. Species-specific dosing and routes are summarized for small rodents, rabbits, and pigs, including practical considerations (e.g., thermoregulation, airway management, malignant hyperthermia risk). DoA assessment spans traditional reflex-based scoring and advanced monitoring. EEG, raw and processed indices (e.g., BIS), offers continuous cortical information but requires species-specific validation and cautious interpretation. Autonomic indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory patterns) and heart-rate variability provide complementary, noninvasive signals yet are confounded by drugs, ventilation, and surgical stimuli. Anesthetic choice is a major experimental variable. Reliable practice demands multimodal DoA monitoring that integrates reflexes, physiologic trends, and, where feasible, EEG, alongside rigorous, species-adapted protocols and transparent reporting. Priorities include validated EEG algorithms for nonhuman species, standardized autonomic indices, and broader adoption of awake models when compatible with scientific aims. These strategies will improve animal welfare and enhance the reproducibility and interpretability of preclinical findings.