Arent'in Yargı Teorisi: Geçmiş ile Gelecek Arasındaki Fay Hattı Olarak Seçim
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2025
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Hannah Arendt'in yargı teorisindeki 'aktör-seyirci' (actor-spectator) ayrımı, ikincil literatürde en çok tartışılan meselelerden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Akademisyenler, yargının retrospektif bir yeti olarak izleyicinin bakışına bağlı kalırken, geleceğe yönelik bir rehber olma potansiyeli taşıyan eylemsel işlevi arasındaki gerilimi uzun süredir tartışmaktadır. Bu ayrım, Arendt'in düşüncesinde yargının hem siyasi hem de zihinsel bir etkinlik olarak çift yönlü karakterini temsil eder. Eleştirmenler, bu gerilimin Arendt'in düşüncesinin Zihnin Yaşamı (The Life of the Mind) bağlamında, vita activa'dan vita contemplativa'ya geçişi sırasında yaşanan değişimi yansıttığını savunmaktadır. Bu tez, yargı anlayışındaki bu değişimin kökenlerini ve nedenlerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yargıya özgü işlevlerin, Arendt'in zihinsel yetiler ailesine istenç (will) yetisinin eklenmesiyle nasıl dönüştüğünü araştırmaktadır. Tez, yargının temel işlevlerinden biri olan 'seçim gücü'nün istenç yetisine devredilmesinin bu değişimin merkezinde yer aldığını savunmaktadır. Geçmişle Gelecek Arasında, Özgürlük ve Politika, Bazı Ahlak Felsefesi Soruları ve Zihnin Yaşamı gibi temel metinler ışığında, bu çalışma Arendt'in düşüncesindeki bu dönüşümün felsefi motivasyonlarını inceleyerek, aktör-seyirci ayrımının onun yargı teorisindeki temel rolünü ve çözülmemiş gerilimlerini aydınlatmayı hedeflemektedir.
The actor-spectator divide in Hannah Arendt's theory of judgment remains one of the most contested issues in the secondary literature. Scholars have long debated the tension between judgment as a retrospective faculty tied to the spectator's gaze and its potential as a forward-looking guide for action. This divide encapsulates the dual character of judgment, with critics highlighting the apparent contradiction between its political application in Arendt's early works and its contemplative focus in her later thought. At the heart of these debates lies the unresolved question of how judgment transitions from being an essential component of political action to a solitary, reflective activity. This thesis seeks to address this enduring controversy by tracing the origins and reasons behind this shift in Arendt's conception of judgment. It explores the introduction of the faculty of the will and its impact on the functions that had hitherto been assigned to judgment. Specifically, the thesis argues that this transformation arises from Arendt's reconfiguration of the mental faculties, particularly the relegation of the power of choice—initially assigned to judgment—to the will. By examining key texts, including Between Past and Future, Freedom and Politics, Some Questions of Moral Philosophy, and The Life of the Mind, this study identifies the critical junctures in Arendt's thought and provides a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical motivations underlying this evolution. Through this, it aims to illuminate the broader implications of the actor-spectator divide and its centrality to Arendt's unfinished project on judgment.
The actor-spectator divide in Hannah Arendt's theory of judgment remains one of the most contested issues in the secondary literature. Scholars have long debated the tension between judgment as a retrospective faculty tied to the spectator's gaze and its potential as a forward-looking guide for action. This divide encapsulates the dual character of judgment, with critics highlighting the apparent contradiction between its political application in Arendt's early works and its contemplative focus in her later thought. At the heart of these debates lies the unresolved question of how judgment transitions from being an essential component of political action to a solitary, reflective activity. This thesis seeks to address this enduring controversy by tracing the origins and reasons behind this shift in Arendt's conception of judgment. It explores the introduction of the faculty of the will and its impact on the functions that had hitherto been assigned to judgment. Specifically, the thesis argues that this transformation arises from Arendt's reconfiguration of the mental faculties, particularly the relegation of the power of choice—initially assigned to judgment—to the will. By examining key texts, including Between Past and Future, Freedom and Politics, Some Questions of Moral Philosophy, and The Life of the Mind, this study identifies the critical junctures in Arendt's thought and provides a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical motivations underlying this evolution. Through this, it aims to illuminate the broader implications of the actor-spectator divide and its centrality to Arendt's unfinished project on judgment.
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Felsefe, Siyasal Bilimler, Philosophy, Political Science
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