An Investigation Into Form Blending in Architecture Through Generative Form-Finding and Optimization Procedures: A Form-Finding Methodology

Abstract

ʻForm-blendingʼ is a computational design tool rooted in the animation industry and utilized by 3D programs originally developed for cartoon films. At the turn of the millennium, architects and designers started utilizing ʻform-blendingʼ to design gradual shapes. However, since these form-blended geometries per se, have their genesis rooted in merging irregular patterns, they do not necessarily embrace structural principles. Thus, the use of ʻform-blendingʼ tools does not guarantee geometries adhere to any generic structural rationale. To address this problem, a comparison discussing the pros and cons of optimization methods and tools regarding their potential for integration into ʻform-blendingʼ was initiated. The outcome of this process suggested the development of a methodology incorporating discretization, finite element model, and multi-objective optimization in connection with tools such as ʻform-blending', to generate geometries with structural logic. This methodology aims to enable architects and designers to receive structural feedback during the design process and to generate variants based on structural objectives. In a case study employing form-blended shapes, the methodology was tested to evaluate the methodologyʼs applicability and performance. The results exhibited form-blended geometry based on structural rationale and form-finding principles. Thus, supporting architects with a methodology to employ computational tools such as ʻform blendingʼ to design and generate variants of shapes based on a structural logic for further structural development. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.