A Multigroup Multitrait-Multimethod Study in Two Countries Supports the Validity of a Two-Factor Higher Order Model of Personality

Abstract

This study examined the factor structure of the Big Five Inventory and tested the hypothesis that the five personality dimensions could be summarized by two higher order factors, namely, plasticity and stability, using multigroup multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analyses. We tested the higher order model in two young adult samples drawn from Germany and Turkey. Adequate inter-rater agreement between self- and informant reports was obtained. Among the models tested, a two-factor model was the most parsimonious model in which the first factor included Agreeableness. Conscientiousness, and low Neuroticism: and the second factor included Extraversion and Openness to Experience. Invariance of this model was supported by multiple-group analyses, suggesting a lack of variability across samples. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.