Analyzing Sustainability in Fashion Through Bio-Synthetic Materials

Abstract

The environmental consequences of the fashion industry are undeniably severe and contribute to environmental pollution and degradation in many ways. While sustainability discussions are continuing, new material trends are emerging and the source, production process, and experience of these materials also affect the fashion industry. Synthetic biology is a promising tool combining bio-design and bioengineering. This new bio-synthetic approach offers an innovative path toward ethical and clean fashion production by transforming microbes or bacteria into “living factories” that produce sustainable materials. However, a broader evaluation is required to grasp the full potential and ethical challenges, especially regarding the commodification of living organisms for mass production. It is imperative that research be conducted to assess the environmental, social, and economic impacts of bio-synthetic materials, particularly in the context of the “living factories” concept. Considering the ethical risks of exploitative practices and the need for transparency, this study examines bio-synthetic applications in fashion, their impacts on sustainability, and their implications for planetary well-being. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.