The Effects on the Monetary System of De-Cashing and Digitalization
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Date
2021
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İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Özel sektörün dijital para çıkarma girişimi ile paranın dijitalleşmesi hızlandı. Bu tez süregelen köklü dijital değişimin ve nakitin aşamalı olarak kalkmasının parasal sistem üzerindeki olası etkilerini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Geçen yüzyılda paranın dijitalleşmesi, ulussuzlaşması ve rekabeti konuları ekonomistler tarafından ele alınmış ve günümüzde ise sıcak gündem konusu haline gelmiştir, bu nedenle hedefe ulaşmak için para, parasal sistem ve dijitalleşmeye yönelik son gelişmeler üzerine kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, sosyal ağ platformları tarafından çıkarılmakta olan özel para birimlerinin mevcut finansal servis organizasyonunu değiştirebileceğini, büyük dijital ağlara açık olan ülkelerin dijital dolarizasyona maruz kalabileceğini, görüşülmekte olan direkt ve hibrit merkez bankası dijital parası (CBDC) modellerinin kısmi rezerv bankacılığı için yıkıcı olabileceğini, merkez bankasının bağımsızlığının kendini finanse etme gücünün kaybı nedeniyle riske girebileceğini, fakat merkez bankasının ekonomiyi canlandırma kabiliyetinin, mevcut şartlar ve koşullar altında sıfır alt sınırı sorunun kalkmasıyla artabileceğini göstermektedir. Ancak tahmin edilebileceği gibi, sonuçların netleştirilmesi için para ve ödeme sistemlerinde sürecek değişim, resmi merciler tarafından alınacak kararlar ve diğer ekonomik aktörlerin atacağı adımlar yakından takip edilmelidir.
Digitalization of money has accelerated with the initiative of the private sector to issue digital money. This thesis aspires to present potential changes to the monetary system due to the ongoing digital revolution, and the phasing out of cash. Digitalization, denationalization and competition of money were supported by economists in the last century, and have become a key issue, so a comprehensive literature review was conducted on money, the monetary system and the recent developments towards digitalization and de-cashing, in order to achieve the goal of understanding progress in this area. The results suggest that private currencies issued by social networking platforms may shift the current financial service organization, countries open to large digital networks may be vulnerable to digital dollarization, the direct, and the hybrid central bank digital currency (CBDC) models under discussion may be disruptive for fractional reserve banking. The independence of the central bank may be put at risk due to loss of solvency, but the central bank's ability to invigorate the economy may increase with the elimination of the zero lower bound constraint under the existing terms and conditions. However, as might be expected, shifts in money and payment systems, the decisions to be taken by the authorities, and the steps to be taken by other economic actors should be monitored closely in an attempt to gain a clear overall understanding.
Digitalization of money has accelerated with the initiative of the private sector to issue digital money. This thesis aspires to present potential changes to the monetary system due to the ongoing digital revolution, and the phasing out of cash. Digitalization, denationalization and competition of money were supported by economists in the last century, and have become a key issue, so a comprehensive literature review was conducted on money, the monetary system and the recent developments towards digitalization and de-cashing, in order to achieve the goal of understanding progress in this area. The results suggest that private currencies issued by social networking platforms may shift the current financial service organization, countries open to large digital networks may be vulnerable to digital dollarization, the direct, and the hybrid central bank digital currency (CBDC) models under discussion may be disruptive for fractional reserve banking. The independence of the central bank may be put at risk due to loss of solvency, but the central bank's ability to invigorate the economy may increase with the elimination of the zero lower bound constraint under the existing terms and conditions. However, as might be expected, shifts in money and payment systems, the decisions to be taken by the authorities, and the steps to be taken by other economic actors should be monitored closely in an attempt to gain a clear overall understanding.
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Ekonomi, Economics, Maliye, Finance, Nakit para, Cash money, Para sistemi, Monetary system, Sanal para, Virtual money, Sayısal para, Digital money, Sayısallaştırma, Digitization, Uluslararası para sistemi, International monetary system
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