Sensory Profiles in Children with Speech Sound Disorders

Abstract

Introduction: Intact sensory processing functions are essential in the development of speech and language, cognitive and motor milestones, and for supporting participation in daily activities. This study investigated in detail which specific modalities of sensory processing are affected in children with speech sound disorders (SSDs), including relevant clinical subgroups. Methods: A consecutive sample of 143 children between 4 and 9 years (6:0 years) of age referred for differential diagnosis of oral and speech motor disorders to the centre of eating, speech, and oral motor function (OMC) was included. Caregivers completed the Swedish version of the Sensory Profile 2 (SP2), which assesses sensory responses in everyday situations. Standardized norms were used for comparison. Results: Children with motor speech disorders (MSDs) (n = 82) and those with a language-oriented speech disorder (LD) with concomitant oral motor developmental delay (ODD) (n = 27) exhibited significantly more sensory processing difficulties than typically developing peers. Children in the MSD group also frequently presented with co-occurring LD and ODD diagnoses (MSD+). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that children with SSD, particularly those in the MSD+ and LD + ODD subgroups, show a higher degree of sensory processing difficulties. These difficulties may significantly affect their participation in daily life activities. Gaining an understanding of how sensory processing dysfunctions shape a child's actions and reactions is of vital importance for speech language pathologists (SLPs) working with these children. This knowledge can inform more tailored and effective intervention strategies within speech and language therapy. Children use their senses such as hearing, touch, movement, and balance to learn to talk, understand language, and join in everyday activities. Some children have speech sound disorders (SSD), which make it hard for them to say words clearly. These children may also find it difficult to process sensory information, meaning they might react more strongly, less strongly, or differently to sights, sounds, or touch. In this study, we looked at 143 children aged 4-9 years who came to a specialist clinic for help with speech and oral motor skills (how the mouth and muscles work for talking and eating). Parents filled in a questionnaire called the Sensory Profile 2, which asks about how children respond in everyday situations. We compared these results to what is typical for children the same age. We found that children with motor speech disorders (MSD), and children with a language-related speech disorder together with oral motor developmental delay (ODD), had more difficulties with sensory processing than children without speech disorders. Children with MSD often also had both language and oral motor difficulties. These findings show that sensory processing challenges are common in children with SSD, especially in certain subgroups. These challenges can affect how children take part in daily life at home, at school, and with friends. By understanding each child's sensory needs, speech language pathologists can plan therapy that supports both clearer speech and better participation in everyday activities.