Diabetic Foot Care Behavior and Self-Efficacy Levels in Individuals With Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Turkey

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the connection between demographic characteristics, diabetes-related knowledge, foot self-care behaviors, and self-efficacy levels in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers. Additionally, it investigated whether there is a correlation between foot care behaviors and self-efficacy levels among these individuals. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals who applied to a training and research hospital with a diabetic foot ulcer and received treatment between October 2019 and October 2020. Data were collected through the Patient Identification Characteristics Form, the Diabetes Management Self- Efficacy Scale, and the Foot Self-Care Behavior Scale. Percentage, mean, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean self-efficacy score among individuals with diabetic foot ulcers was 68.39 +/- 14.03, while the mean foot self-care behavior score was 59.10 +/- 10.13. Previous diabetes education, regular exercise, and educational status significantly influenced scores on both scales. Furthermore, a positive linear relationship was observed between foot self-care behaviors and self-efficacy levels in individuals with diabetic foot. Conclusions: To enhance self-efficacy levels and promote foot self-care behaviors in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers, continuous education, and regular follow-up examinations are essential. Providing tailored care based on demographic characteristics and evolving health conditions related to diabetes is expected to reduce complications effectively.